所属领域：
钍基熔盐堆核能系统
资源类型：
数理科学和化学
/ 物理学
/ 原子核物理学、高能物理学
/ 原子核物理学
文献作者：
HAASE, AE; KINGSLEY, RS; WILLIAMS, LP; CARLSON, RV
文献发表年份：
1994
文献期刊：
NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL
文献摘要：B&W is completing a $65 million project encompassing the site characterization, decontamination, and dismantlement of its former nuclear fuel conversion plant in Apollo, Pennsylvania. This 90,000 ft2 facility was used from the late 1950s until the early 1980s for the conversion of uranium hexafluoride to various fuel forms, including uranium dioxide powder and pellets. Both high- and low-enriched uranium as well as thorium were processed in the facility. Upon discontinuing fuel manufacturing operations, the chemical processing equipment was decontaminated, removed, packaged, and shipped to a licensed low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) burial site. As a result of plant operations, uranium contamination existed within the building and in the soils on the plant site. A detailed site characterization program was completed to establish the extent of contamination and to plan the subsequent soil remediation and building deconstruction efforts. In February 1990, B&W made the decision to accelerate the final decommissioning of the Apollo site. The project was initiated with the ultimate goal of free release for unrestricted use, or green-field. Factors that led to this decision also became constraints on the completion of the project. They included: Rapidly escalating waste disposal costs, with LLRW burial site surcharges scheduled to increase from $40 to $120 per cubic foot in January 1992. Increasing regulatory uncertainty on the criteria for allowable residual radioactivity contamination levels for a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensed site to be released for unlicensed, unrestricted use. The anticipated loss of burial site alternatives in January 1993 due to the provisions of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985. Delays in the siting and construction of the Appalachian Compact's burial site. This paper overviews the Apollo decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) project with emphasis on the key business and technical issues which established constraints for the project.
文献类型： Article
文献语种： English
